GS markup indicators
GS markup
indicators
GS "markup indicators" used for subscripts and
superscripts are:
- superscript [35]
-
subscript [26]
- left-superscript [3578]
[456, 35]
- left-subscript [2678] [456,
26]
Fraction indicators are:
- begin-fraction
[12356]
- denominator [34]
- end-fraction
[23456]
- over [345]
The "over"
indicator is used only for simple fractions having a single
letter or
number in the numerator and a single letter or number in the
denominator.
For all other fractions and for simple fractions that
are attributes or
have atributes, the complex fraction form is used.
The begin-fraction
indicator precedes the numerator followed by the
fraction-line indicator
followed by the denominator followed by the
end-fraction
indicator.
The radical indicator:
indicates that the
symbol to its right is under a radical sign.
If more than one symbol
is under the radical sign, the sequence is
enclosed between the GS
brackets:
- open
[2378] [5, 1236]
- close [5678] [5,
3456]
The GS brackets are also used to enclose subscripts and
superscripts
if these are larger than one symbol.
The displayed
equation indicators:
- begin-equation [123678] [456,
1236]
- end-equation [345678] [456, 3456]
are used
to enclose displayed equations. Everything within these
markers is grade
1. There are similar symbols for on-line math, but
these are generally
used only to enclose on-line math expressions when
an author is writing in
braille and wants to assure that the final
copy is properly typeset in
inkprint. These are:
- begin-math [23578] [5,
1236]
- end-math [25678] [5, 3456]
There
are also enclosures to show hyperlinked material:
-
begin-hyperlink [2357] [5, 1234]
- end-hyperlink
[2568] [5, 1456]
Two dimensional arrays begin with a
begin-array indicator and end with
an end-array indicator. Elements are
set off by end-of-element and
end-of-line indicators. These
are:
- begin-array [38] [4, 26]
-
end-array [67] [4, 35]
- end-array-element
[27] [6, 2]
- end-array-line [237] [6,
23]
Three indicators allow two symbols to be combined into a
single stack,
horizontal row, or superposed symbol. These indicators
are:
- vertical-stack [3467] [6,
346]
- horizontal-combination [34678] [456, 346]
-
superposition [3468] [46, 346]
A group of
"described symbols" can be made up by aneditor to describe any number of
small in-line graphic symbols that appear
occasionally but could never be
remembered even if a braille symbol
existed for it. Such things as little
pictures in children's math
books, the resistor symbol in physics and
electronics, many molecular
symbols in organic chemistry. These can be
nicely represented by such
words or contractions as resistor, apple, benz,
etc. enclosed by the
begin-symbol and end-symbol
indicators.
- begin-symbol [37] [4,
23]
- end-symbol [7] [4, 3]
A tag
symbol that should be widely used in figures as a compact label
indicator
can also be used, for example, to substitute labeled
quantities for
complicated portions of equations that are then written
separately, making
the main equation more readable:
and the special marker for sections, math macros, footnote
and reference markers, etc. is:
- markup-indicator
[367] [4, 235]
are the last regular markup
symbols.
Although not technically "markup symbols", we include at the
end of
this list two categories of symbols that modify the meaning of
the
symbols that follow. None of these have meaning when standing
alone.
The first set includes:
- inverted
[78] [4, 36]
- stroke or not, [347] [6,
34]
- variant [168] [46, 16]
- large
[1234567] [6, 123456]
The final group are the
typeface indicators.
- script [48]
[46, 4]
- bold [458] [46, 34]
- italic
[468] [46, 468]
- underline [4568] [46,
456]
- Special transcriber-definable font1 [478] [456, 4]
- fractur
[4578] [456, 45]
- roman [4678] [456, 46]
- underline [45678] [456,
456]
Go to Braille
Index
Last update July 21, 1998